Employee Privacy Rights in the Workplace Concerning Internet Essay

Employee Privacy Rights in the Workplace Concerning Internet - Essay Example As workplace use of internet and reliance on e-mail grows, employers are spending more and more energy monitoring and regulating their employees' e-mails and other computer communications to avoid potential liability under hostile environment law. Even if antidiscrimination law were not a factor, employers would engage in a certain level of monitoring and regulation to ensure that their workers were not frittering away the workday instant-messaging their friends and Web surfing. But many employers are going well beyond what is needed to maximize productivity, and are using sophisticated surveillance tools to monitor employee e-mail to head off potential discrimination complaints. One-quarter of all large corporations, for example, perform keyword or phrase searches to censor employee e-mails, usually looking for sexual, scatological, or racist language (Rotenberg, M. 1993). Thus, the issue for all employees in the Internet age is the lack of safety in venting gripes online. "If you v ent to your best friends and your spouse, the boss never finds out," Houston Labor lawyer Linda Wills remarked. "If you vent in the hallway or on the Internet, you're asking for trouble". Of course, Internet monitoring is just one way employers track employees. "Most people who work for private employers have their constitutional rights put in the garbage for eight to ten hours a day".Basically, it is believed that Performance monitoring has been critical to organizational effectiveness for centuries. Monitoring enables organizations to obtain information that can be used to assess and improve employee performance. Motivated by the variety of benefits that may accrue from monitoring, organizations have sought to improve the effectiveness of their monitoring efforts by assessing employees’ e mail and websites which they browse. (Jerry Adler, 1998) It is also said that Employers are using these techniques in response to a wave of hostile environment lawsuits brought by women and others who either received sexually suggestive e-mails, or who were simply offended to discover that their coworkers had swapped such e-mails among themselves. Almost every hostile environment case contains allegations of offensive workplace e-mails. While it is true that few hostile environment cases succeed solely on the basis of allegations that a corporate defendant tolerated offensive e-mails, such e-mails do hostile environment defendants no favors, so it is most sensible to prohibit them completely. As a leading First Amendment scholar points out, as long as e-mails can be used as part of a hostile environment claim, â€Å"the cautious employer must restrict each individual instance of such speech. The employer must say,

Conflict is the essence of drama Essay Example for Free

Conflict is the essence of drama Essay The effect of conflicts in drama is profound, and conflicts contribute to a great extent in making drama attractive for audience to watch. Conflict basically forwards drama, while in the meantime it leads to changes that attract audiences as it progresses through time. Conflict shows character, their realizations, and also realizations of audiences, all of which make drama interesting to attract audiences. It projects meanings and gives vividness to drama, thus it makes drama interesting in order to attract audiences. Conflict forwards drama by introducing changes that keeps the audiences sited. Audiences find an unchanging play that follows routine to be boring and hopes to find differences. Thus, changes are necessary in drama for it to demand a reaction from the audiences thats maintained, so that they can keep focused to the play. In Oedipus, changes occur from the beginning of the play to the end. Oedipus doesnt go through a normal life as being a king or live a happy life with his wife, but experiences through a catastrophe that influences his life. Critical changes are brought out by conflict at certain moments and introduce newness to drama, for example when Jocasta discovers that Oedipus is the child she sent years ago. The conflict is within Jocasta herself, of sinfully being both a wife and mother of Oedipus. Also the conflict is between her and people of Thebes, including Oedipus, where the normal relationship has been destroyed. These two conflicts mean a dramatic change in Jocasta herself, and for the play, as it moves on acknowledging the effects of these changes. Similarly, in Macbeth, changes are brought out throughout the play, enriched by conflicts within characters, such as Macbeth, and conflicts between characters, such as between Lady Macbeth and Macbeth. The two monologs of Macbeth shows his inner conflict between his consciences and his ambition, which slowly drives him towards murdering the king. The vast change in his inner mind based on the conflict sets the basis for the play and leads to the potential consequences that happen later. Conflict between Lady Macbeth and Macbeth occurs when Lady Macbeth accuses her husband of not being a man to have the courage murder. Changes are brought out as Macbeth becomes more firm and aggressive towards the murder, which then affects direction of the whole play by moving closer towards the murder and gives the audiences anticipation towards the killing. Thi s brings a sense of delight in the audiences to keep them focused to the play. By having conflicts which leads to changes, drama is forwarded along with the reactions from the audiences. At the same time conflict forwards a play, conflict also shows character of the characters. In Oedipus, conflict is presented between characters such as between the Terisias the priest and Oedipus. The technique of stichomythic dialogue is used when the two have a conflict in their conversation, to show the characters emotions, especially Oedipuss pride. Short, fast sentences are used when Oedipus hears Teiresiass accusation on him, he says Shall I bear more of this and Teiresias answers I will. The stichomythic dialogue shows Oedipuss jealousy and his tyranny behavior. By being not able to see the warning language of Terisias, hes also shown to be arrogant. His conversation with Creon further shows his arrogance and hubris. Again, stichomythic dialogue is used when Oedipus says By no means. I would have you dead, not banished and Creon answers if you can show in what way I have wronged you. In Macbeth, conflict within Macbeth himself shows his character. In Shakespeares portrayal of Macbeth, theres resolution and irresolution, theres decision and indecision, all which describes his character. During the two long monologs, his relentless ambition fights with his conscience, showing the opposing two sides of his inner character. When Macbeth sees the dagger hanging in front of him, he mentions he thinks not of them and that theres no such thing, but it is indeed ironic because hes mind is actually focused on them. The irony shows his character, the fighting between trying to remain conscience by not thinking of them and murdering the king. He mentions the dagger as a false creation, but in his deep heart desires to use it. Along with showing character, conflict shows their realizations, and more, makes also the audiences to realize. With Oedipus, audiences realize the effect of hubris of people, after seeing how Oedipus experiences his downfall. Audiences realize how the dominating emotions of arrogance, jealousy, pride affect Oedipus in refusal to recognize his wrongness. The paradox of Terisias of being physically blind but sees things correctly in terms of morality further contrasts with Oedipuss emotion, and further encourages the audiences to realize hubris. Although in Oedipus, realizations happen while the audiences have a certain outline, some knowledge on the play, audiences still experience the play differently, since it is live. However, this is not true with Macbeth, as history of the play is made up as going along. Audiences realize the consequences of Macbeth after murdering the king by seeing that, in the end, he dies in the battle. Characters themselves also have realizations in drama, usually at critical moments where conflict makes the play changes its plot dramatically. Oedipuss realization of him being the son of Laius comes slowly, but also catastrophically. Again, the tension of the realization is built up using stichomythic dialogues. Oedipus realizes that he can never go back to where he was. His conflict lies in that he wishes to return to being the king as before, but the truth does not allow him to do so. Similarly, In Macbeth, realization of Macbeth comes with his action of murdering the king. There is clearly a feeling of being scared of others discovering their actions inside Macbeth and Lady Macbeth after murdering the king, as they rhetorically question the noise of the surroundings. Also, Macbeth mentions Ill go no more. I am afraid to think what I have done, suggesting he realizes the dangers that would occur to him if his actions were discovered. Conflict in drama projects meaning, though it might not project a resolution to the problem at the end of the play. The end of one conflict in the play doesnt necessary mean that there will be no future conflicts. In Oedipus, the fall of Oedipus doesnt indicate the problem of the nation has been solved, but on the contrary, there might be other arrogant tyrants like Oedipus in the future. However, the story of Oedipus somehow teaches the audiences to be morally good, therefore it has a meaning. Similarly, in Macbeth, the tragedy of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth teaches audiences to realize that following a path similar to them will lead to destruction. Duncans speeches of gracefulness, loyalty, honor, honesty and integrity are meant to project moral rightness, therefore to teach morally. Still, theres no final resolution at the end of the play and it may mean that there will be other tyrants like Macbeth in the future. However, the play itself has projected meanings which, attracts audiences to watch it because simply no one would be interested in a play with no meanings. In conclusion, conflict does not only perform the basic functions for drama, such as forwarding the play, but conflicts main effect is that it makes drama more interesting, which is essential to attract audiences. Changes are brought out by conflict that introduces something different, and something new. Also, characters in drama are shown vividly through conflict. Conflict projects meaning, create realizations of the audiences and characters, with all of this, it makes drama fascinating and irregular.

Report on Applied Management Project

Report on Applied Management Project According to Gibbs (1988), simply having an experience is not adequate enough to promote learning. Not reflecting on an experience gained through learning would result in you loosing that knowledge acquired. It is from the concept of reflection that assumptions and theories are drawn. And it is this assumption that allows new situations to be handled more effectively. (Gibbs 1988). The process of reflection, presents an opportunity for an individual to gain further insight into his/her work through critical reflection on experiences, and through further deliberations of other viewpoints from authors and theories. Moron (1999) sheds more light on this topic by stating that, reflection is a form of mental activity (or a way of thinking) that enables an anticipated outcome to be achieved. She suggests that reflection is applied to complex situation where there is no obvious solution. In simple terms, reflection evolves around the notion of learning. Through the process of reflection, we conduct an in-depth review of a piece of work. Reflection occurs when there is a motive or a set target. Subconsciously, this motive may not be realized. In spite of the fact that it may not be a planned endeavour, it is through this same process that a new idea evolves. Reflection is seen as an examination or review of earlier actions, events or decisions. Jasper (2003) contributed to this concept by suggesting that when we reflect on earlier experiences, we end up enhancing our being through the acquisition of new knowledge. LEARNING THROUGH REFLECTION Reflection can be defined in so many ways but they all yield the same outcome learning. David Kolb (1984) supports Gibbs (1988) and Jasper (2003) definition of reflection through the development of the Kolb cycle. It is drawn below in a simplified manner but still portrays Kolbs concept of reflection. The cycle is trigged by the idea of having an experience from a piece of work which goes through vigorous experimentation and reproduced through a new experience. Reflection plays a vital role in this cycle as it reproduces this new experience through the process of learning. Kolb (1984) saw reflection as a psychological activity that has a significant role to play in learning from an experience. In the Kolb cycle, reflection is seen as a developmental stage of the process of observation. In other words through the course of making an observation, an individual tends to reflect on an experience before the notion of learning is realized. While agreeing with this cycle, Moon (1999a) introduced another angle to this phenomenon by suggesting that while reflection is seen as a vital aspect of learning, it also acts as a catalyst for the assimilation of information already acquired. She elaborates further by emphasizing that reflection forms part of a kind of cognitive housekeeping role which in turn creates a new learning experience. RECOLLECTION OF EXPERIENCES The AMP began with a week of induction. Before the week, a module timetable was posted on Breo which divided students into cohorts according to courses and allocated venues. During the first three days tutors are assigned to various sessions to introduce the module to students and to provide us with necessary information required to embark on the project. On the third day, students are expected to form groups. After the formation of groups, each group is allocated a topic. We are to work together as a team to research on the topic and to come up with relevant resources. With the help of an assigned tutor or supervisor the topic is further broken down and made clear to all members of the group. At the end of the week we are encouraged to work individually and to share resources when appropriate. A summary of what took place during the 12 weeks is as outlined below. Day 1 Unfortunately, this day fell on my birthday. I woke up very reluctant to attend the first session but upon remembering the warning which came with the timetable, I had no option than to catch the virgin bus to Luton. I arrived 30mins late only to be embarrassed by the tutor on duty. Everyone seemed happy and the room was very noisy. Most of us were still talking about the exams. After the news that the topic would be given, the room became quiet all of a sudden. I became tensed and anxious because I had a topic in mind which I have been researching on. Whiles we were being introduced to the unit and the topics of report writing, information sourcing and referencing, I was busy reading the module handbook because I was still confused. We were informed that the project topic would be given out on the third day so we had to continue reading the module handbook and ask questions in our next session. I spent the rest of the night reading the handbook hoping the next day would not b ring anymore surprises. Day 2 The second day was even worst. Even though we had a tutor who kept making funny jokes, the introduction of Plagiarism, chunking and reflective writing really made me quite unsettled. The plagiarism session noted various examples of plagiarism and emphasized on the dos and donts of a good project. I was beginning to loose hope when the academic librarian took the stage. He talked about where to get relevant materials for our project. He answered almost all my questions and also said we would be spending sometime with the librarians to practice how to source for materials for our project. During the break, I met with my former group members and we agreed to stick to the same group. I was excited because most of us were hard working. Just when I was beginning to feel a bit better we were informed at the end of the session that the groups we form would be functional for just the subsequent two days. I went home even more unsettled and tensed than I was the previous day. Day 3 The next day, after meeting with my group members, we submitted our names and we were asked to choose a team leader to pick the topic. I was nervous and kept praying for my team leader to pick a reasonable topic. After some few minutes, she came back with our topic. Initially I panicked because I did not understand the topic but after reading through more than once, I had an idea of what was required. I couldnt wait any longer. I started reading, researching and making my own notes. I also passed through the shopping mall on my way home to grab a diary like I was advised. Day 4 and 5 -The final days of the induction week came very quickly and we were reminded that it was the last opportunity we had to ask for help on anything relating to the project topic. We were informed that any further attempt by a student to seek further guidance regarding the project topic would be denied. Although, I had a clear understanding of what I was expected to do, I was still unhappy at the end of the induction week. I was expecting to be supervised by an assigned tutor until the project was completed. Never the less, the group discussions we had with the assigned tutors reassured my confidence. It gave me the much needed clarification, direction and scope of research required. Weeks 2 and 3- In week 2, I started searching for relevant materials for my project. My first starting point was Google search engine as advised by one of the tutors during the induction week. My next point of call was the Universitys digital library and then the Milton Keynes library. My group members agreed to meet every Friday but I could not make it because I was working. They kept sending an update of the meeting until everyone decided to do an independent work. I still kept in contact with my group members to see what they came up with. We shared a lot of resources through email. I gathered as many articles and journals as I could and also kept updating my diary. Most of the information I came across were electronic books so it made my work easier. Week 4, 5 and 6 During the 4th week, it was more of the same thing. I kept reading and piling up articles and updating my diary. I realized that most of the materials we gathered during the first week had nothing to do with the topic because we were just brainstorming and searching with keywords so I deleted them. I took a second look at the objectives outlined during the group meeting and realized we had highlighted all the requirements needed to complete the project. I wrote short notes on any relevant material I came across and kept the reference in another folder. After realizing the magnitude of articles I had piled up, I became scared of loosing them so I made copies as backup. In week 5, I started extensive reading on the relevant materials and made important notes that would help me with the structure of my work. I later realized in week 6 that I was having an entirely different notion of the project topic. I now understood some other angles in which I had to tackle the proj ect topic which was completely different from my initial approach during the induction week. Weeks 7, 8 and 9- From previous experience, I decided to start with the body of the report. As I started typing out what I had written down, I realized that I had too many theories and most of them were just talking about totally different things. I began to panic so I stopped, took a second look at the articles and deleted the irrelevant ones. I managed to bring everything together on paper before typing again. I initially thought it would be very easy to put all the information together after several weeks of extensive reading. In week 8, I discovered some of the things I wrote down were not heading in the direction I had hoped for so I decided to take a second look at the materials I considered irrelevant. To my amazement, these materials were making more sense than the previous materials. I started reading and integrating the useful information into what I previously had. By the end of week 9, I had completed my literature review. Weeks 10 and 11- On the 10th week, I woke up with a terrible headache hence I progressed at a very slow pace. A group member advised me to start working on the reflective report. The diary was very helpful. I used the module handbook as a guide to start my reflective report. I was determined to complete my report before the deadline. In week 11, I completed my reflective report but I was unsettled because it accounted for just 20% of the overall mark. I decided to adopt a strategy of typing out relevant information I had in my hand written notes. I was astonished to find out that I only had to take out some few sentences and I was back on track. I banned my self from watching television and social networking sites till my work was submitted. Week 12- The last week of the AMP was really stressful. I sat down in front of my computer from 7:00 in the morning till 11:00 in the evening. My eyes were hurting but I couldnt take any chances. The pressure kept pilling up when I received a call from my father asking about my graduation date so that he could book his air ticket on time. Through hard work and dedication, I finished my work on the fourth day. I quickly uploaded it to three plagiarism websites to see if it flags up anything. It came up with 5% plagiarism so I properly paraphrased those areas and gave it to my best friend to prove-read and check for spelling mistakes. She came back with minor grammatical errors. I corrected them and began counting the days towards the completion of my masters program. I printed out the two copies as instructed and made an electronic copy. I took it to a local cafe over the weekend to bind it and submitted my work on the last day of submission. I returned home to submit another electron ic copy via turnitin. I was full of smiles when I realized it was all over. PERSONAL FEELINGS AND LEARNING FROM THE EXPERIENCE The AMP was a very challenging endeavor but I rose to the challenge. I was very confident of producing a good project until I was told the topic would be given to us. I was thrown completely off guard but I was determined to give off my best. The new experience was exciting at the same time very nerve wrecking. Since the week started off on a bad note, I was in no mood for surprises. However, it was as a result of this panic and feeling of anxiety that motivated me to work harder. As an Msc student, I was under pressure to apply what I had learnt in the classroom to a real life scenario. I must mention that the total weight the AMP carried as a unit also gave me the scare. My grades were not exactly that good so it was an opportunity for me to improve my performance. I was very upset when I was let down by some of the articles and journals I pilled up but with the experience from previous projects, I quickly recovered and in the end I was satisfied with the final outcome. There were a lot of lessons learnt during this project. I learnt that it is very bad to assume the form a project would take before you are assigned to it. I learnt that setting milestones and deadlines ensures that projects are delivered on time. Even though in my case I had so many short falls I was aware of what was needed to be achieved at each stage. Being organized focused and time conscious ensured that my project was delivered on time. One lesson also worth mentioning is the concept of planning a project structure. This enabled me to define the scope of my project to prevent me from deviating. In addition to this, the first week of the induction made me realize how important it was to work as part of a group. I would have loved to finish this project as part of a group work, but it gave me the opportunity to develop the skill of working on my own initiative. GROUP DYNAMICS AND LEARNING FROM THE EXPERIENCE According to Guirdham Maureen (2002), a group is defined as three or more people interacting together to complete a common task. Mullins (2007) agreed with Guirdham Maureen (2002) definition and went further to explain the five developmental stages of a group. That is Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing and Adjourning. Applying that to my AMP group: Forming Stage: My group went into the Forming stage on the second day of the AMP week. There was no need to introduce ourselves because we knew each other. We had a brief discussion and arranged to meet the next day for our topic. Storming Stage: The group went into the storming phase when we were given our topic. We spent sometime reading the topic, trying to understand what was being asked of us. We shared ideas but we were unable to pinpoint what we were supposed to research on. We came together the next day still confused. But with the help of the assigned tutor, we started brainstorming and writing down keywords that would guide our research. It is important to note that there were some conflicts but the tutor present, managed to resolve all issues. We met on the final day with articles and journals to share. We were clear as to what was required of us and we all left the meeting satisfied. Norming Stage: This stage occurred towards the end of the last group meeting. We had most of our questions answered and we were in a good position to start our research. The groups norms were governed by the fact that we had a common task to complete even though it was to be done individually. We basically had to abide by good professional ethics and behavior which were acceptable as students. Performing Stage: This stage was the longest in the groups development. We worked individually and communicated ideas by email. Even though we had a common goal, the success of the project was based on each member giving off their best to obtain a good grade. Adjourning Stage: The group slowly died out when each member submitted their work. I must say it did end early for some as they worked faster than others. One lesson I learnt was that, whenever we came together to brainstorm and to share ideas, it promoted further understanding of the topic. This helped to calm nerves and assured us that we were on the right track. During the tutor lead discussions, each member of the group was offered an opportunity to shed more light on the topic. This encouraged members to expand on their ideas and elaborate further. In my case, my group leader served as a role model to me. She was energetic and organized. She motivated me to think faster and to improve my research skills. As far as I am concerned, there were no elements of group thinking. Each member was dynamic and argued out their points from different perspectives. Even though we all came from different cultural backgrounds, no one was intimidated. Every opinion was valued and conflicts were resolved amicably. Another lesson I also learnt as part of the group was that, I was able to work independently and effectively with the help of the feedbac ks I received from my group members. With the right group members, the most difficult project can seem very easy. LESSONS FOR FUTURE PROJECTS Looking back at the whole experience, I would say that the project has positively impacted the way I think and conduct research. Approaching a project with a negative attitude is not the best. It is natural to be nervous when embarking on a new project but panicking leads to more mistakes. In future, I would rely on my experience, remain calm and plan properly. To track my progress, I would also ensure that I set achievable and reasonable targets. Whenever possible, in future projects, I would ensure that I benefit from the groups dynamism and experience. As a personal motivating factor, in future projects, I would ensure that I work beyond my ability to motivate other members to do the same. Working under pressure is not always avoidable due to time constraints hence in future projects, I would ensure that I plan properly using the right tools such as Gantt charts as guidance. From the AMP experience, I would ensure that in future projects, I keep meaningful hand written notes and d iarize events incase a reflective report is required at the end of the project. Lastly, in sourcing for materials, I would ensure that only relevant materials are stored to enable me work effectively. CONCLUSION From the definition of reflection, it can be deduced that reflection is an essential part of learning and knowledge acquisition. We reflect because there is a subconscious purpose or reason which tends to improve our previous experience and give us further insight into the topic of discussion. Even though I started off on a sketchy path, I hit the road running once the scope and objective of the project was realized. With determination and the zeal to succeed, I followed the advice of tutors and good project management to reach my target. The AMP project was much difficult than I anticipated but the experience gained would certainly go a long way to improve my performance in future projects. Working as part of a group also expanded my horizon and presented me with new challenges. With the right motivation and team spirit, I gradually overcame my worries and anxiety. To conclude, even though I would have preferred choosing my own topic, I must confess that the topic given us was quite interesting and one that required much research. It would have been more interesting to work with our chosen groups throughout the duration of the project but that would have also discouraged individual dynamism and participation. The AMP experience was worthwhile considering the fact that we were working on a masters level. When given a similar project in the future I hope to tackle it with greater zeal and determination. I am of the view that with the right resources and motivation in the future, a much deeper research can be carried out on the topic.

F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald published The Great Gatsby in 1925. The novel is in general about middle and upper class American citizens. The novel tells about their lives after World War I had ended. The setting is Long Island, New York.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In chapter one, the book introduces Tom Buchanan and his wife, Daisy. Nick, the narrator, and Tom knew each other. Nick and Tom had gone to Yale together. Nick and Daisy are distant cousins. Tom is an adulterer. During dinner, Tom receives a phone call from his mistress.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dr. J. T. Eckleburg is on a billboard overlooking the Valley of Ashes. Tom’s mistress is a woman named Myrtle. Myrtle is exactly the opposite of Daisy. The only reason Myrtle is with Tom is to move up into a more sophisticated class. Myrtle’s sister tells Nick that the only reason Tom and Myrtle will not marry is because Daisy is catholic. The real reasons; however, is because Myrtle is not the â€Å"arm ornament† that Daisy is. Myrtle says Daisy’s name and Tom hits her. Myrtle’s nose starts bleeding.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A man named Jay Gatsby lives beside Nick. Nick does not know anything about his neighbor. Gatsby is always having parties. Finally, Gatsby invites Nick to a party. Nick thinks that Gatsby’s parties are wild and not very organized. Nick and Jordan Baker become attached at this party. Nick and Jordan hear that the host may have killed someone. They have never met Gatsby, so they do not really know what kind of person he is. Nick and Jordan hear that Gatsby was a German spy during the war. They also hear that Gatsby was in the American army during the war. Nick and Jordan begin wondering around. They go into Gatsby’s library. In the library, they meet â€Å"Owl Eyes.† â€Å"Owl Eyes† is a very strange person with glasses. He is always drunk. â€Å"Owl Eyes† can not believe Gatsby’s books are real.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Nick finally meets Gatsby, he finds out the rumors were not true. Nick learns that him and Gatsby were in the same division during the war. They were also stationed near each other. Gatsby was not at all the person Nick thought.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The date is now July 5, 1922. Gatsby and Nick begin to get closer. Gatsby tells Nick a little about his past. Gatsby tells Nick that his world travels were a way to forget a sad event.

World War II Through the 1970’s

In this paper I will go into details explains two major historical turning points that occurred during the period of World War II through the 1970’s, and the effect it had on today’s society, economy, politics and culture. In this paper I will also give two reasons why in the late 30’s Americans wanted to remain out of the European conflict.In this paper I will talk about the role women played to helped win World War II, will describes two civil rights breakthroughs, explain two ways the Vietnam War brought political awareness to a new generation of young Americans and I will talk about two programs that president Lyndon Johnson Great Society Agenda had put into effect and that are still into effect today. A turning point was in 1962, the world experienced a threat so real, so dangerous, and so deadly; that any believed Armageddon was approaching. The Cuban Missile Crisis was undoubtedly the closest the world has come to nuclear war in its entire existence.The pr esence of Soviet nuclear warheads on Cuban soil, less than 100 miles from the coast of Florida shocked the world. The discovery of the missiles was completely unexpected; the public's reaction was not. Thousands of people stockpiled food, students were trained to survive nuclear holocaust and civilians built bomb shelters in their back yards. It was the most shocking event of the 20th Century. The second turning point was the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 27, 1963 where Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King delivered his I Have A dream speech on the steps on the Lincoln Memorial.Two Historical Points There are many major historical points during this period of time such as Pearl Harbor, Integrating in Baseball, the murder of Emmett Till, Brown v. Board of Education, Civil Rights Movement, Black Power Movement, Chicano Movement, the assassination of President Kennedy, Malcolm X, Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr, and Robert Kennedy, Vietnam War and the Watergate scandal. In m y opinion all of these events had effect on today’s society. One of the historical points is bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 4, 1941. A Japanese bomber attacked the United States pacific fleet.This attacked killed 2,403 Americans at the same time Japan also attacked American positions in the Philippines, Guam, and Midway Islands as well as Hong Kong and Malaysia. President Roosevelt declared that December 7th would become a date which will live in infamy. On December 8, 1941 declared war and on December 11th Adolf Hitler declared war on United States making it a world war. ( Schultz, 2012 p,413) The Watergate Scandal is known for its complex web of serious political scandals that occurred during 1972 and 1974. At the time the president was Richard M.Nixon, this scandal would change his Life and his legacy and the lives of many people involved as well as the Americans view of political leaders. During Nixon successful reelection bid in 1972, five men were arrested breaking into the Democratic National Committee offices at the Watergate Hotel in Washington D. C. One of the men worked directly for Nixon’s Committee (CREEP). (Shultz,2012 p. 474) Many things were found out during the long investigation including the unveiling that President Nixon was taping all the conversations in the White House.Also Nixon’s vice president Agnew was also admitted to tax evasion. There was also many other things that came to light during the Watergate Scandal leading Americans to have major distrust within the entire leaders of our country. Today political leaders and everyone for that matter grasp the idea that no one is above the law. I believe the biggest outcome of the Watergate Scandal would be the realization that the â€Å"freedom of press† defined in the First Amendment can be held up and used to print and report on if the information is true. Stay out of European AffairsThe disinclination of Americans to become too closely involved with Eur opean affairs was also reflected in the Administration’s refuge policies. As the Nazis steeped up their persecution of Jews and other minorities, a steady trickle of German Jews sought refuge in countries around the world. ( America’s Decades 1930’s p. 343) The people of the United States had many reason as to why the wished to stay neutral in what became World War II. First from my understanding Americans were still trying to recover from World War I and also the Great Depression.America suffered from so many devastating blows financially during the Great Depression. They felt as if we should concentrate on recovering here at home first rather than going overseas and incurring more financial problems. The second reason I think Americans wanted to remain out of the European Conflict is because of a man named Adolf Hitler. Although Adolf Hitler did many horrible unforgiving things during his time Americans took a liking to him at first. This was simply because Hi tler pulled Germany out a horrible economic depression in record breaking time.Americans thought that if Hitler had enough power and wisdom to help Germany so swiftly then why should be fight such a strong and very smart power. Women Role in WWII Women played a very significant role during the World War II to help the United States achieve a win. During the World War II many women found themselves left at home trying to do whatever they could to make ends meet. Hundreds of thousands of women went to work in factories taking the place of many male jobs. During the war around 350,000 women enlisted into various branches of the armed forces working mainly as nurses and secretaries.A great achievement women made during the war was becoming Air Force service pilots. This gave males the opportunity to leave the service aspect of the military to join in actual combat. Women made up a major part of the Red Cross lending hand to wounded soldiers to help heal and get them back to combat statu s. Civil Rights Breakthrough Between the end of World War II and the passing of the passing of Civil Rights Act in 1964 many Africa Americans devoted their lives to fighting devoted their lives to fighting social injustices. Like much of United States society in 1940’s professional baseball was segregation.The Major League was for white players only. When it came to African America baseball player they were restricted to the Negro League with received little press. Jackie Robinson broke the baseball color line when the Brooklyn Dodgers started him on April 15, 1947. As the first African American to Major League Baseball Robinson had to endure racial taunts, threat, and death letter by fans of the game. He also had to death with it from other players and his teammates, some players shunned him or kicked him with spike shoes as he ran bases. (America’s 1940 p. 122) Robinson played at top level he batted .97 in his rookie year, won National League Rookie of the Year and l ed the Dodgers to 1947 World Series. Just elven weeks after Jackie Robinson integrated baseball Larry Doby deducted with the Cleveland Indians. Robinson was the first African American inducted into Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962 . In 1951 suit was filed against the Topeka Board of Education at a state level with the help of the NAACP. Unfortunately the case was lost, but got taken on by the Supreme Court. After a long battle inBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansa decided by the Supreme Court in 1954, is considered the case that began to dismantle legal segregation.It brought together five discrimination suits being filed across the country against locally segregated school system where blacks’ schools were found to be inadequate. The case argued by Charles Hamilton Houston, James Nabritt, Thurgood Marshall ( who became the first African American Supreme Court Justice) who had applied for to University of Maryland Law School and was refused because of his race. ( Legacy Treasures of Black History p. 171) The murder of Emmett Louis Till was an African American boy who was murdered in Mississippi he was only fourteen.It was reported that he was flirting with a white woman named Carolyn Bryant. Several nights later Bryant’s husband and half-brother took Till from his great uncle house and brought him to a barn where they beat him and gouged out one of his eyes then they shoted him in the head. They dispose his body in the Tallahatchie River weighting it down with a 70 pound cotton gin. Till body was found three days later he body was returned to Chicago, Illinois to his mother where she insisted on a public funeral with an open casket to show the world the brutality of the murder of her son.Ten of thousands attended the funeral or viewed his casket and images of his mutilated body was publish in Jet magazine and newspapers. Emmett Till murder is noted as a pivotal event motivating the Civil Rights moment. That December of 1955 in Montgomery, A labama Rosa Park refused to give her seat up and was arrested that spark a boycott of the public bus system in Montgomery, Alabama that last thirteen months. Vietnam War While Vietnam started in 1955 the United States did not enter until roughly 1961.America wanted to remain out of this war but ultimately succumb to the realization that we intervene if we did not want communism to spread any farther than it already had. As of today the Vietnam War is known for its dramatic bloodshed with the losses of so many lives and also for that to date is the only war United States lost due to withdrawing from the war. Today we can see the effects of the war economically because all of the health problems we see in the veterans of the war. We help to pay for the medical bills of proud men that served our country during that time.Our veterans today still suffer greatly from port traumatic stress disorder and drug dependencies. The war was also very costly not in just that thousands of lives were lost but also financially. The Vietnam War brought political awareness to a new generation of young Americans in many ways. The war weakened public faith in government, and in the honesty of its leaders. A high degree of suspicion and distrust toward authority of all kind was felt by most Americans. Also Americans discredited the military for a long time to come. Americans would come to never have respect for or trust public institutions again like they had before the war.President Johnson’s Great Society President Lyndon Johnson did many great things for our country, including what is called his â€Å"Great Society† agenda. While the Great Society agenda had many aspects of it, I think one of the dynamics that still stands today and is very important to us is the Economic Opportunity Act (EOA) of 1964. The EOA was created to do many things but a few are commonly still heard about. For example the EOA created a program called Head Start. Head Start is provides many th ings including education, parent involvement, health, nutrition, and family support services to low income families.The EOA also created the Job Corps which is still in operation today. Job Corps is a free training and education program that helps low income young people aged 16 to 21 earn a high school diploma, learn a career, and find and keep a career. Another program that was created in 1965 under Johnsons Great Society was Medicare. Medicare is in full force still in today’s time. Medicare is a national insurance program, regulated by the U. S. federal government; it guarantees access to health insurance for Americans for younger people with disabilities and for those ages 65. (Shultz 2012 p. 458)

Reality Television Research Paper Example

Reality Television Research Paper Example Reality Television Paper Reality Television Paper Entertainment for some, humiliation for others, new beginnings for some, bad endings for others, dreams turned into reality for some and dreams shattered for others. Reality television on which anything can happen, millions of viewers gripped to their seats, pulses racing ogling at a box. Millions of people they can not all be crazy to watch reality television, or can they? Little did Philo Taylor Farnsworth, the inventor of the television know that one day lazy people who sit in a house all day or people who eat bugs in a jungle will be shown on his invention. How can reality television be useful? Deviant, destructive and disastrous, what knowledge will viewers gain by watching diabolical fools shouting abuse and using profanity? Teenagers are believed to be influenced by the media very easily, seeing all this negativity it clearly shows what they will gain from it. weak brained On the other hand, reality television can be seen as educational. Youngsters get to see the real world and different people who all have different personalities. Reality television teaches youngsters about the real world and the situations that can arise in life. Humans learn by seeing things and experiencing them, everyone must have seen how children want to touch a flame despite the parents shouting, but once the child touches the flame the child never does it again knowing it burns, in the same way teenagers watch reality television and learn from the situations that contestants have to face and apply it to their own lives and consider it while making decisions. Also, the contestants who participate in reality television shows are from a broad spectrum of society which enables youngsters to see the behaviour of wealthy and poor alike. However, how can people be sure what they are watching is reality? All they see is what the camera wants them to see and when the camera is on all they see us people wearing masks of disguise, pretending to be someone else for popularity, fame, money and crazy viewers to become obsessed with them. Humans are so pathetic that they sit in front of a box watching the lives of other lame people, who are just acting. Why call it reality television when people are acting? Theatres are made to watch people act, why watch shameless people act on what is supposed to be called reality television? In contrast to this, reality television is full of entertainment. In this modern world with all the stress from grumpy managers and resentful co-workers, entertainment is necessary and if people can be relieved from a tough day at work, by seeing the humiliation of other people who themselves chose to enter the show, then what is the harm? Adding on, youngsters who instead of causing crime and irritating old people on streets, enjoy watching reality television and enjoy the embarrassment of other people then what is the harm? However it can be argued that those ordinary people, who like many others, dream high however get disgraced and degraded in front of millions of people which immediately knocks down their confidence. Reality television is derogatory which has a negative effect on the contestants. Reality television acts as a catalyst to defame and suppress personality characteristics of the participants. Nevertheless, reality television benefits contestants despite the derogatory behaviour, due to reality television shows contestants are able to express themselves which relieves their emotional trauma and catharsis. Moreover it helps contestants build positive relations with others and living in a different lifestyle helps them appreciate their own lifestyle and helps them to improve it. In Celebrity Big Brother 2007, millions of viewers witnessed the famous racial row between the Bollywood actress Shilpa Shetty and English celebrity Jade Goody however, after the row Shilpa and Jade became friends and held no grudges against each other which shows that despite the controversy the contestants experienced they learnt to resolve the problems amicably. However, reality television shows send a bad message and fixation on instant celebrities. Shows like Big Brother suggest that anyone can become famous by participating on a reality television show and lounging around in a house all day shouting abuse without working hard or having any particular talent at all. Youngsters who watch these shows will assume that education is not important and that they do not need to study hard in school or train hard for a regular job. Producers of reality television shows themselves earn thousands of pounds however they show influential shows which influence others in a negative way and make them loose out on education, is this right? It can be argued that we believe in freedom and free speech. In this modern day society many people do a variety of things and fairly speaking, they all have a right to do anything they want as long as they abide the law. Moreover, it can be said that millions of viewers watch reality television and we have to accept reality television as an expression of popular and democratic taste. Adding on, nobody is compelled to appear in reality television or indeed watch it. Many people argue that reality television shows are a bad influence but no one forces people to watch it, everyone has the right to pick up their remote control and switch the television off or change the channel. A study found that in the year 2000, 70% of the population watched reality television occasionally or on a regular basis, so is it fair for a minority of reality television haters to stop the huge minority of people from watching the shows that they are crazy for? In contrast, the show Americas Next Top Model which last year on September 9th had 3. 22 million viewers tuned in, some groaning and moaning at the girls they dislike and some admiring the beauty of the model with the slender waist. The show on which many female contestants enter, exposing their beauty and skills to the viewers and craving to impress the judges with their bony bodies and fresh faces. However, shows like this promote being skinny and attractive and contribute to eating disorders like anorexia within teenage girls. About ninety percent of those who are known to develop anorexia are female, why? Because girls feel pressurized to be thin by shows like Americas Next Top Model and feel that the only way that they will look attractive is by having the characteristics of the models on television. Millions of people can not all be crazy watching reality television, or can they? There are many reasons for watching reality television, some people watch it simply for a laugh to cheer them up, and others watch reality television to admire the beauty of the models and celebrities. However is this all really harmless fun? Teenage girls are becoming influenced by the television and are turning as skinny as sticks, other contestants are completely embarrassed to try something new again due to the insults they received from the strict judges and the taunts and mockery from other people. Nothing in the world is ever perfect; some people love something into to bits while others feel sick at the name of it. The same principal applies to reality television, while some viewers sit all day enjoying themselves watching the humiliation of others there are some viewers who rage with anger while reading the name of a reality television show listed on the television guide. The producers make a huge amount of money from reality television shows, the contestants become famous and the viewers get entertained, everyone is happy. However on the other hand, swearing and violence are shown, teenagers get influenced by all the negativity and many youngsters become lazy in school due to the image in some shows which suggests that no talent is needed to become famous.

The eNotes Blog The Next Generation Digital Book A Whole New Way toRead

The Next Generation Digital Book A Whole New Way toRead As a bit of a purist on the book front, its been a rocky road to accept anything not printed on paper and bound by a soft cover. When e-readers first became popular, I was there, standing on the proverbial soapbox, lamenting to disinterested friends the decline of bookshelves, the end of book publishing. I overreacted, of course, but it was too tempting not to indulge in the melodramatic idea that books would go the way of LPs, that I was one of the select guardians of the old school. In reality, I was a bit of a snob. In the end, it was the convenience of an e-reader that got me. Safety came in at a close second (I was almost crushed one night reading Ken Follets World Without Enda 1024 page death trap in hardback), but mainly the sheer usefulness of a Kindle wore me down. Yet I still never looked at e-books as anything more than a lighter load for my daily commute. The equivalent of an audio book on a long car ridethey just dont add anything to the reading experience for me. Nothing compares to the weightiness of a good, solid book in your hands (even if it does threaten to collapse a lung). But then, when I wasnt paying attention, e-books began to change. With the advent of smart phones and tablets, the landscape of digital books has changed, becoming ever more creative. The next generation of digital books doesnt seek to just transfer words from page to screen, but rather to supplement the experience of reading a book in ways unique to its interface. Take artist Raghava KKs childrens book POP-IT  for example. The book was not so much written as it was specifically designed for an iPad. Raghavas motive to create the book was the same as that of many childrens fiction writers; he set out to teach children a lesson, specifically empathy, through a story: How could he teach young children the benefits of multiple perspectives with clear immediacy? Raghava concluded that peoples minds and childrens literature needed a shake-up. Literally. He explains the iBooks unique feature: If you notice carefully, its a homosexual couple bringing up a child. Dont like it? Shake it, and you have a lesbian couple†¦ Only when you teach perspectives will a child be able to imagine and put themselves in the shoes of someone else who is different from them†¦ I cant promise my child a life without biaswere all biasedbut I promise to bias my child with multiple perspectives. While the lesson may be nothing new to the realm of childrens literature, its delivery certainly is. And so it begs the question: to what extent will this change the way we experience literature? Are interactive iBooks and e-books simply a flashier, though essentially superfluous format, like pop-up books? Or does the capacity to integrate multiple medias vastly affect the way we internalize a story? In some cases, it will: I suppose our feelings towards interactive books then depend on each ones purpose. Textbooks and childrens books most readers would forgive outright, or, more likely, rejoice in. Imagine the capacity to assist students with learning disabilities, for instance. I personally could get behind a poetry collection that includes recordings of the poets themselves, or a version of The Canterbury Tales that contains audio of the original Middle English speechwhat great teaching tools! Last year Al Gore teamed up with a group of software developers to release Our Choice, a digital sequel to An Inconvenient Truth. For a non-scientific brain like mine, the embedded videos certainly clarify the content. Do we really need to be able to make a windmill move by blowing onto an iPad screen? Not really, but it is fun, and in the end youve learned something. In such cases, the ability to switch from text to video doesnt detract from the content on the page. In fact, it betters it. What happens, though, when the first really big multimedia novel is released? Or worse, when a classic gets a movie studio makeover, clips from the latest adaptation imported between the pages? What happens when the source of entertainment is no longer the joy of reading itself? We may have to learn a whole new way to read. This is where my excitement really turns to apprehensiveness. While I welcome the idea of a digitized book offering something more than sheer convenience, Im not altogether certain Ill like the outcome every time. Educational books? Great. Novels? I just dont know.  True, a more experimental author like Safran Foer could probably do something truly exciting with this media. Im willing to hold my breath. And though I may still indulge from time to time in the apocalyptic fantasy that books will one day cease to be as we now know them, I think we can all be certain that the joy of reading good stories will never go away, no matter what form they someday take. Whats your take on digitally interactive books? Feel free to sound off below.

How to Build Word of Mouth

How to Build Word of Mouth As a new freelancer scrounging advice, â€Å"word of mouth† was a common response from the more experienced. If I wanted to increase my work and income, that’s what it was down to: Word of mouth. It drove me nuts. What was word of mouth and how could I get myself there? Build contacts.  Make it your job to know people. Attend events and book releases, join online forums, get in touch with editors via the staff-section of magazines. Contact websites and business that catch your interest. Where there’s opportunity, introduce yourself. Random conversations have led to year-long contacts (and referrals).   Just one example: An avid card player, I struck up a conversation with a friend about local Bridge clubs: They put me in touch with the editor of Great Bridge Links, and I’ve been on-board ever since. Be accessible.  People should always have access to your portfolio and have a way to reach you. Two birds with one stone is a well-designed website that strikes the right chords. You want professionalism and efficiency. Have at least writing samples, links and an about section on your official website. Expand your network further with other contactable profiles like Amazon Author Central or your own blog separately from your website. Spread your reach.  Now and then (I do it once a month), write something for free and send it somewhere meaningful: A guest post, magazine. This is only about expanding your reach: Introduce yourself to a new market, and make sure your website is updated when a prospective client types your details into Google. Ask.  Many referrals have come from simply asking happy clients to refer others. Other times, unsuccessful cold queries have resulted in a â€Å"we’ll be sure to pass your info on† that paid off later down the line. Gather testimonials.  In addition to referrals, ask clients for testimonials to go on your website. These are your references, and it shows that you can do the job. If you can grab a testimonial from a well-known client or author, so much better: Author Francois Bloemhof was more than happy to offer up a review for the NB Publishers anthology short story â€Å"Boelie† (Afrikaans for bully), and it’s just because I’d asked. Reputation is everything almost goes without saying.  Don’t burn bridges, don’t miss deadlines, don’t gossip or bitch about clients and colleagues – and yes, I’ve sadly seen this – stay accurate and stick to your work-ethic. Protect your reputation; it’s everything for word of mouth. People are going to talk about your work, and you want what they’re saying to be good. Reach out.  Sometimes you have to reach out first, or people will never hear about you! Getting people to know me (and get in touch later) involved a lot of cold calling – not just to magazines, but business who looked like they could use my services. Incentive is great for attracting word of mouth.  Use social media to launch a competition, offer a 15 percent discount for referred clients, put a short story up for download, host a course or start a newsletter; The bottom line is getting people to talk, share, interact and refer. Refer others.  Refer clients to other freelancers in your contacts library, too. Sometimes a job comes along that I might not have time for, and I’m happy to recommend a friend. This, of course, encourages them to refer others back to you. That, dear writer, is the cycle of word of mouth. Have you got people talking?

Insanity and Diminished Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Insanity and Diminished Responsibility - Essay Example abnormality of the mind ( R v Byrne ); drug personality disorder (Celebici Trial); involuntary intoxication ( R v Galbraith) ; mental weakness and low intelligence ( Lord Dea's decision ) ; minority ( R v Raven ); physical deformities such as blindness and being a deaf-mute ( R v Pritchard). In the treatise "Partial Defences To Murder" more mitigating factors are added i.e. sufficient provocation by the offended party ( R v Smith ); immediate vindication of a grave offence to himself or his relatives (Table 7); Incomplete self-defence where there is no reasonable necessity of the means employed by the culprit (R v Martin); passion or obfuscation (Case 113); disease or injury (Note 17); jealousy, mercy killing, depression, relationship of victim to the accused (Table 7). The list goes on and on. Insanity is a plea or defence by which the accused at the time of the commission of the act, "was laboring under such a defect of reason, arising from a disease of the mind, as not to know the nature and quality of the act he was doing or, if he did know it, that he did not know that what he was doing was wrong (The M'Naghten Rules). Insanity totally exempts the culprit from criminal liability unless he does it during a lucid interval. If so, he is wholly liable for the crime unless there are mitigating factors attending the crime. Diminished Respons... 2 Diminished Responsibility is defined as a plea or defence in which the accused at the moment of the commission of the crime suffers from some "form of mental unsoundness or mental aberration or weakness of mind", so much so that his "mind is so affected that responsibility is diminished from full responsibility to partial responsibility" ( HM Advocate v Savage). Comparison and Contrast 1. Both insanity and diminished responsibility are mental states. In insanity, there is a mental disorder or a mental disease which causes the deranged person to be deprived completely of reason, discernment or freedom of the will at the time of the commission of the crime. In insanity, there is an absence in the agent of crime of any of all the conditions that would make an act voluntary. On the other hand, in diminished responsibility, there is a mental debility or aberration of the mind or a temporary mental capacity or a temporary mental impairment (Scottish Law Commission 2). Here, there is some degree of reason, discernment or freedom of the will albeit such is beclouded and weakened by the presence of any of the mitigating factors hereinabove mentioned. 2. Insanity totally exempts the offender from criminal liability because the insane person is totally deprived , at the time of the performance of the crime, of discernment or reason or intelligence and is unable to distinguish between right or wrong. In diminished responsibility, as a rule, there is no exemption from criminal liability but there is instead a mitigation or extenuation of criminal responsibility

What Is Human Services Common Intervention Strategies Essay

What Is Human Services Common Intervention Strategies - Essay Example The second issue is related to the ambiguity to differentiate among similar terms such as "community services," "welfare services," "human services." These terms are used interchangeably with different focus. It indicates and adds to the failure of the stakeholders in differentiating, defining and drawing a line where needed to the detriment in distribution of resources for executing welfare programs and development work under the umbrella of social services or human services. The 1962 amendments to the Social Security Act initiated a policy change by states and the federal government contributing equally, which was erstwhile limited to advanced states conducting social service programs. The purpose of the social services under the Social Security Act are "to help maintain and strengthen family life" and to assist families "to attain or retain capability for the maximum self-support and personal independence consistent with the maintenance of continuing parental care and protection." The administrative guidance stresses on services to help receivers â€Å"achieve employment and self sufficiency (Randall, 1975). The history of social services development and expenditure starting in 1969 till 1972 by Derthick provides a mirror of the legislation and functioning of social services. The area of Human Services is widely defined, distinctly meeting the purpose of fulfilling human needs via an interdisciplinary knowledge base, stressing on taking precautions, treating human issues, and showing dedication for raising the general standard of life of the people deserving attention. It is the responsibility of the human services professionals to encourage better service delivery systems by looking not only at the quality aspect of human services, but also by desiring to provide better reach, answerability, and cooperation among professionals and organizations in service delivery (NOHS, 2009). The goal of human services professionals as well as agencies is to empower the groups doing human services by: * Enlarging professional growth opportunities * Encouraging professional and agency-wide recognition through certification * Increasing internal and external information exchange * Supporting and enforcing a social policy and agenda * Fostering the monetary sustainability and development of the stake holding agencies (NOHS, 2009). The Nature of Generalist Practice Generalist practice for human services is based on the creation of social work values, insight, and abilities that can be used on people and organizations as appraisal and intervention strategies for different-in-size systems by creating and using people, families, groups, and communities (Bemidji State University, 2011). According to the Baccalaureate Program Directors (BPD), generalist social work functionaries collaborate with people, families, groups, communities and agencies in a range of social work environments. Generalist practitioners observe customers and their systems from a stren gths outlook so that the inner abilities of all human beings could be identified, advocated, and structured. By employing a professional problem resolving process, they communicate, measure, factor services, support, guide, tutor, and manage with clients by remaining on their and their systems’ side. It is the job of generalist practitioner to involve in community and institutional growth and check its service performance for bettering the service delivery system attuned towards the client (Bemidji State University, 2011). Common Intervention Strategies Human services intervention strategies depend from agency to agency guided by certain skills

Management in the Apple Company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management in the Apple Company - Research Paper Example The fanatical loyalty of the Apple brand becomes obvious to an outsider when he/she sees the shoppers sleeping just next to the shop-door in an attempt to be the first one to buy the new Apple item. Apple’s success as a company and the development of liking among the people for the Apple products as well as the whole Apple culture is an outcome of prudent and timely planning. This paper looks into the way management of the Apple Company has dealt with the four management functions of planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Management Functions 1. Planning Apple’s successful strategic planning is the most fundamental reason of its success. Apple’s foresightedness is a virtue that helps the Company display excellent and realistic planning. Apple regularly assesses the risks in the planning phase, thinks of a number of ways in which the risk can be mitigated and finally, takes the action that incurs Apple the minimal cost and the offers maximal advantage to t he Company. Challenges that the Apple Company has conventionally planned for include but are not limited to the altering buying attitude of the target customers under effect of the global economy and/or their local economies, and growth in the number of fake and pirated items. Apple has frequently employed branding as a strategy to succeed in the ever-increasing competition. Branding can be defined as a process through which a brand develops association of the consumers with itself so that they would approach the very brand when they need to purchase something. There are few people who decide to purchase an Apple computer, though they surely want to try the less expensive gadgets like iPhone and iPod. Apple provides new users with an opportunity to learn about Apple by selling such gadgets at a significantly lower cost. Hence, Apple plans to use the small gadgets as advertisers to convince the users to buy larger and more expensive Apple products like Apple computers. 2. Organizing In the start, Apple was facing the problem of recognition. The sales staffers have for long been insufficiently informed of the Apple products. In order to tackle this problem, Apple resolved to establish its own stores that would have nothing but all Apple products in them. This enabled Apple not only to give a unique identity to its products amongst the similar computing devices already available in the market, but also make a customer-loyalty move. Consumers are facilitated with the establishment of Apple stores since both the PC and the Mac users can shop together. â€Å"This is a space where Macheads can not only get service but also hang out with others who enjoy Apple products just as much as they do. By creating this space, Apple encourages current and new customers to get excited about what it has to offer† (Inside CRM, 2011). 3. Leading Steve P. Jobs is Apple’s cofounder and the chief executive of the Company. Apple’s success can also be attributed to a significant extent to the exceptional leadership skills of Jobs. Jobs has invested so much energy in taking Apple from the nascent state to the level where it is today that he has taken little care of his own health. Owing to his deteriorating health, Jobs has taken medical leave for the company thrice within a period of ten years. In his absence, Timothy D. Cook used to look after the everyday works in the Apple Company. Most experts are of the view that although Jobs has

Friedreich's Ataxia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Friedreich's Ataxia - Essay Example Loss of frataxin in the system results in deregulation of iron levels in the mitochondria causing oxidative stress that kills the cells. This leads to a degeneration of the spinal cord, brain, and nerve communications to the muscles. Symptoms are generally manifested early in life between the ages of 5 and 25. Diagnosis is usually accomplished by observing symptoms and self-reporting of symptoms. Symptoms can include spinal curvature, impaired swallowing, deformed feet, and cardiomyopathy (impaired heart muscles). In addition, with the identification of the specific genes responsible, genetic testing can be done to accurately diagnosis the disease. A family history of Friedreich's Ataxia is also an indicator used in diagnosis. As with many of the ataxias, there is not a cure but there are regimens indicated to treat the specific symptoms. Treatment for Friedreich's ataxia generally requires the close cooperation of multiple physicians in several disciplines. The main overall goal for the patient is to remain in good health by a healthy diet and good physical exercise. Diabetes is often closely correlated with Friedreich's Ataxia and treatment consists of insulin. Further treatment is administered on an as needed basis. Propranolol, a beta blocker, may be prescribed to control muscle spasms.

Evolution of Health Care Information Systems Essay - 1

Evolution of Health Care Information Systems - Essay Example This paper outlines that the use of health care information systems in United States has changed considerably during last twenty years. U.S. health organizations have modernized most of their health facilities in order to improve service delivery. A great deal of investments has been made in implementation of the information systems that are applied in clinical operations. In an effort to improve service delivery and decrease costs, health organizations have adopted computerized systems such as Electronic Medical Record systems. In the past, before the development of the EMR, health organizations used paper based record systems. At the time, half of the patient’s information was computerized and stored as computer printouts. From this study it is clear that the automated systems were used as primary source for analyzing patients’ information by the physicians or the clinicians. This contrasts sharply with the modern Electronic Medical Recording systems which are used as passive storage devices in many health organizations. Using this system enables physicians to access knowledge resources, reminders and alerts. Health professionals can use the system in decision making due to the fact that it enables them to access the decision support capabilities. Most of the health facilities present in the health centers could not be used to manage the patient health effectively. With the introduction of the electronic system, clinicians and physician have used the system to manage health of patients. The health facilities in the past could not provide the physician with comprehensive view of the patient’s health. Even though there is sharp contrast between health care facilities in the past and at the present, there exist some similarities. Medical records kept whichever the system is used, is very useful for documenting patient care.  

Human Geography Oxford City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Geography Oxford City - Essay Example Tourist and other visitors do their shopping at Covered Market; it is one among the several historic centers in Oxford. The tower has been locating in a strategic place in relation to the landscape of the land and the same applies to St. Mary's the Virgin University Church. The architectures of the time were very considerate in designing view points which are currently being used as centers of interest yet they were built hundred of years back. Below is an aerial view of High Street.Oxford City is ever green; the local government has worked hard to conserve the environment by designing nature walks and parks within the ring road. Nature reserves are over 28 in number both within the City and outside. Some of the major parks are South Parks, University Parks, Rock edge reserves, Shotover Reserve. These show how the citizens of the City together with the City governance have worked hard to maintain the natural environment. Any one tempting to tamper with the natural environment faces h igh charges to be a lesson to others. Here is a photo of the green City. In reference to human geography, Oxford city is a city that has considered it in a great way. The design of the City, as well as the activity that takes place within the City, are all admirable, it can critically be used by scholars to define the meaning of human geography because there are a couple of practical example to the subject. This branch of social science is complicated and without examples, it would be difficult for students to comprehend all it details.

Friedreich's Ataxia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Friedreich's Ataxia - Essay Example Loss of frataxin in the system results in deregulation of iron levels in the mitochondria causing oxidative stress that kills the cells. This leads to a degeneration of the spinal cord, brain, and nerve communications to the muscles. Symptoms are generally manifested early in life between the ages of 5 and 25. Diagnosis is usually accomplished by observing symptoms and self-reporting of symptoms. Symptoms can include spinal curvature, impaired swallowing, deformed feet, and cardiomyopathy (impaired heart muscles). In addition, with the identification of the specific genes responsible, genetic testing can be done to accurately diagnosis the disease. A family history of Friedreich's Ataxia is also an indicator used in diagnosis. As with many of the ataxias, there is not a cure but there are regimens indicated to treat the specific symptoms. Treatment for Friedreich's ataxia generally requires the close cooperation of multiple physicians in several disciplines. The main overall goal for the patient is to remain in good health by a healthy diet and good physical exercise. Diabetes is often closely correlated with Friedreich's Ataxia and treatment consists of insulin. Further treatment is administered on an as needed basis. Propranolol, a beta blocker, may be prescribed to control muscle spasms.

Human Geography Oxford City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Geography Oxford City - Essay Example Tourist and other visitors do their shopping at Covered Market; it is one among the several historic centers in Oxford. The tower has been locating in a strategic place in relation to the landscape of the land and the same applies to St. Mary's the Virgin University Church. The architectures of the time were very considerate in designing view points which are currently being used as centers of interest yet they were built hundred of years back. Below is an aerial view of High Street.Oxford City is ever green; the local government has worked hard to conserve the environment by designing nature walks and parks within the ring road. Nature reserves are over 28 in number both within the City and outside. Some of the major parks are South Parks, University Parks, Rock edge reserves, Shotover Reserve. These show how the citizens of the City together with the City governance have worked hard to maintain the natural environment. Any one tempting to tamper with the natural environment faces h igh charges to be a lesson to others. Here is a photo of the green City. In reference to human geography, Oxford city is a city that has considered it in a great way. The design of the City, as well as the activity that takes place within the City, are all admirable, it can critically be used by scholars to define the meaning of human geography because there are a couple of practical example to the subject. This branch of social science is complicated and without examples, it would be difficult for students to comprehend all it details.

English as the Official Language Essay Example for Free

English as the Official Language Essay For so many years in the world, it is undeniable that the English language has been used as a medium of communication. Many countries are using the English language for its people to understand each other. Today, the American English is peculiarly influential, due to the fact that the United States has become the center of excellence in terms of popular music, television programs, business and technology, film making and many others (â€Å"History of the English Language†). Although there are myriad kinds of English language spoken around the world like Australian English, Indian English and Canadian English, the dominance of the English language is the primary reason that its utilization as an official language in the United States of America should be pushed through. Therefore, it is claimed in this paper that it is proper and tenable for the American English to be considered and approved by the government as the official language of the United States of America. There are three major reasons why it is proper for the American English to be approved as the official language of the United States of America. First, American English is widely used in many countries in the world that makes the United States of America as a melting pot of many races. Second, the American English is the best communicative tool for the understanding of individuals in terms of political, economic, spiritual, physical and educational development. Third, it has been proven for so many years that the use of America English has caused improvement of the country in general. With that, it cannot be denied that the most influential and dominant language in the world is American English. The Dominance of the American English Language American English is widely used in many countries in the world that makes the United States of America as a melting pot of many races. There are many people around the world who have chosen to migrate in the United States of America. The reasons of their migration are to find a greener pasture or to enjoy the freedom and affluence that they can get in the country by chance or opportunity. The country is known for its democratic and representative governance, such that many races are confident enough that America can make their dreams come true. In connection with that, speaking the American English language is an indispensable tool to become a successful immigrant in the country. Therefore, majority of immigrants are also speaking the same language as used by the Americans, making the language the most widely used communicative tool in the land. A study was conducted by the U. S. Census Bureau and released findings that literacy and fluency in English is necessary to achieve economic self-sufficiency (Burt 1). Immigrants who can speak well in American English language are most likely profitable in their jobs and business while staying in the United States. Since almost 22% who held jobs in the United States are foreign-born, their ability to speak English has a great impact on the economic improvement of the country (Burt 1). That is the main reason why immigrants wanted to learn English as a second language, which adds to the dominance of the same language in the United States of America. Is it not a sign of additional resources for the economic and political progress of the country? Yes, it is. The numerous foreign-born workers in the country contribute to the economic development in one way or another. The native-born workers and businessmen can communicate well with immigrants adding more chances for economic improvements.  Ã‚     Hence, making the American English Language as official in the United States is proper. American English Language: The Best Communicative Tool The American English is the best communicative tool for the understanding of individuals in terms of political, economic, cultural, spiritual, physical and educational development. It has been said that a language is a systematic medium of communication through the use of sounds or conventional symbols (Manivannan 1). For so many years, the American English has been considered as one of the principal assets of the country for political, economic, cultural, spiritual, physical and educational development. There are myriad reasons why American English language is the best communicative tool in the whole world. In order to conduct political activities such as elections, foreign affairs, decision-making and policy-making, the use of the American English language is necessary. Journals and books on business matters and other economic conditions are generally printed in American English language, which makes all the people to learn the language. Tourists are enthusiastic to learn the same language because it could help them in enjoying the wonderful sites of the country. The enjoyment of American literature depicted in films and television programs reached across many nations which is the means for other races to learn the richness of the American culture. The American invasion is still effective by the dominance of our language which makes our products and services appealing to the whole world. Aside from that, there are many students in other countries who wanted to study in the United States of America. Their contribution in the academe is very important as well as their willingness to learn the language. Hence, all the people who live in America become united due to the influence and dominance of the American English language. Do we need to prevent the approval in making the American English language the official one, knowing that it is useful to us? No, we cannot afford to do so. Therefore, the arguments to support the approval of making the American English language as official are meritorious. The Advantages of the American English Language It is not denied that the American language is a principal asset for political and economic development of the country. The English language is also used as a preferred language for the conveyance of international business and scientific studies (Lian 1). In addition, it is easy to sell American products for American English language is widely used in advertisements and promotions worldwide. A foreign-born individual mentioned that, being fluent in American English is a ladder to successful business and other carrier endeavors (â€Å"The Importance of English in Modern World†). We were able to attract many intelligent individuals through the English language and everything we have is a standard for other countries. In all aspects in life, the said language is useful and also pervasive that it reaches in all parts of the world. Conclusion We are all fortunate to have a language that makes our country a center of commerce, excellence in education and culture and influential in politics. Our country is a strategic place because the American English is widely used in many countries in the world that makes the United States of America as a melting pot of many races. Since the American English is the best communicative tool for the understanding of individuals in terms of political, economic, spiritual, physical and educational development, we are confident that we remain in power all over the world. Finally, the use of America English has caused improvement of our country in general. As conclusion, there is still no doubt that making the English American language as official in the United States of America is proper and meritorious.   Works Cited Burt, Miriam. â€Å"Issues in Improving Immigrant Worker’s English Language Skills†. December 2003. 2 February 2009 http://www.cal.org/Caela/esl_ resources/digests/Workplaceissues.html â€Å"History of the English Language†. 2009. English Club. 2 February 2009 http://www. englishclub.com/english-language-history.htm . Lian Li, Khaw. 2008. Khawlilian. 2 February 2009 http://www.khawlilian.com/. Manivannan, G. 2006. Using English Website. 2 February 2009 http://www. usingenglish.com/teachers/articles/importance-english-language.html. â€Å"The Importance of English in Modern World†. 17 November 2007. MSN Content Website. 2 February 2009 http://content.msn.co.in/MSNContribute/Story.aspx? PageID=396ac8e2-aa06-47b2-8176-32ef043284f1.

Importance of Observation Research in Childcare

Importance of Observation Research in Childcare Unit 5 Explain the reasons for conducting observations and the format that these can take: Reference 1 and reference 6 In a nursery setting it is very important to carry out observations. Reasons of observations: The reason why observations are important is because it helps children know how they are improving on their development. Observations also help key workers know how to support children in their playful activities. Observations help children to go up a level. In a observation the child and the key worker gets to know each other, they get to talk and the key worker gets a chance to play along with children and help children to socialise. Methods of observation: The main observation nurseries use is writing down and taking photographs. This helps nursery know more about the child. How to carry out observations: You must sit and watch children play If children do not know how to play you show them and give them something to play with. You then talk to children as they get to know you and get used to you You seat their and spot the child’s weakness and try to put it correct You then begin to write down what the child is doing such as analyse as they get talking and get to know you. You must understand how they are improving with a key worker observing children. When a key worker writes down on a post it note, they must write everything a child is doing with the puzzle. The key worker can also ask the child questions. Observations are mainly one to one observations. Key worker will then take photo and write up a report on this child on how they are doing in their development. Children can be observed on many activities accoutring to their age: Ball activity Play dough Lego Football Communication Drawing Cutting Numbers Alphabets reading Discuss the importance of parental permission for carrying out observations on children and babies aged 3 and under: Reference 2 As a nursery we ensure we report everything we have to, to parents, regarding their children. This includes observations and collecting information which we have to about their children. We might take photographs of children’s, vidieo recordings of children. In some setting it is up to the student’s to get permissions from parents to carry out observation and it is up to the students to build relationship with both children and parents to build up student’s career. Nurseries also have to keep in touch with the third parties when information needs to be passed on, such as a child who is ill in health, this information must be reported to them and their report and the child’s information so the third parties can support the nurseries on this issue. Most parents are okay with their children being obsevered as it helps them to know how their children are improving. Observations are carried out according to the child’s age. Such as in the baby room a child might be observed on their crawling or walking. They must tell their parents as they are babies to keep them up to date and help them know their child is in good hands. The reason for parental permission is if a stranger was to walk in and take a photograph of a child, the stranger can do anything with the child’s photograph. It is important a key worker or a member of staff CRB checked is always there to keep an eye out for children. a child who has been observed in writing, someone might have left this observation at the reception desk for someone to easily pick up this can be a document to unwanted visitors to read. This can cause the nursery big problems and lead to the nursery a penalty of closing. Identify the process for carrying out a risk assessment within the nursery environment and the steps to be taken for those items requiring attention: In a nursery a key worker has been asked to look for all hazards’s and assess what can happen: You must identify all hazards such as: Computer wire left lying and not plugged, children can trip over, and these can be protected by ensuring the plug is plugged to the socket and that worker’s check up on this. Children’s cups and plates unwashed, children become unclean, to keep protected it is up to key workers to ensure these are always washed. Chairs left in the middle of play area where children play and walk, children can fall; to keep all protected children must be shown how to seat on a chair and push the chairs under the table. Children swinging on their chair, children can fall backwards – children should be told not to swing on the chair. Toys left where children run around, children can trip over – toys must be cleared and put in the correct place. Children pushing each other, we ensure children talk to children not to push each other and report this then discuss why this happened in a meeting and find ways on how to protect children. Children playing with broken toys – it is important worker’s check all toys before children come in the morning and that this is reported and discussed at the meeting and find out why this happen so it can be reported to parents. Sharp adult scissors left for children on cutting table – this should also be put away, and reported to discuss during the meeting times in the mornings. Knives left on playing tables when should be in safe hands of an adult while cutting fruit for children during snack times- it is important to report this and be honest even thou you picked it up. Children not washing hands after toilet times- this is very important because children have to keep clean, this must be report and ensure a key worker is informed to help children wash their hands. Children running around, children can trip over and hurt themselves it is important children keep calm and walk. Children’s drawing all over the floor, staff member not seeing this and children may be walking on this and running, children’s work half ripped apart and therefore nurseries have to do double work, this must be reported and discussed. To many workers and less children, it is important this is discussed to have less worker during certain days. As a nursery we must pay attention to the risk and watch all children around us Process Administrator of the nursery creates a table of all the hazards in the nursery. The administrator then gives this to the assessment team to carry out The assessment team then rates these hazards to see if it is minor or extreme for children to be in. Reference 3 After completing the assessment this must be discussed at the meeting and then a staff meeting must be organised to inform the staff which has to check up on these risk’s at all times. We must find ways on how to stop these risks from happening; we must carry out this risk assessment once every month for regular checks. We must also write a report on how this can be protected. Evaluate in which communication can be encouraged for learning and play among your children: Reference 4 My finding on this question is that children need to be listened to when they talk on everyday life. Children and key worker’s build relationship to make it easier to communicate this give children great confidence. It is important to reach children to their chosen goal of communication, we must allow children to talk up to the level they must talk at. As children talk key worker must give contact that you are there and listening to them, children can talk about anything they like this will give children more encouragement. In a nursery setting I found that 3 years age children begin to talk full sentences. Key workers encourage children to read books, gives them talking times during circle times. Pre-schoolers like to talk more about their past life what they did. They enjoying talking rather than playing as they like to be more like adults and learn more about how adults are. To encourage pre-school children key workers ask children question as many as they can in a day to keep them confident and talking and active at all times. As key workers we encourage children to talk about the world, whatever they can think of something good. We encourage our workers to tell children to talk to each other while they play, we ask children what they are playing with as these type of question’s are common to ask. Communication can also be encouraged by giving child the time to reply back, we give children rewards on when they communicate well, we ensure all members of staff listen to children when they talk, we repeat if children do not understand the question when it is there time to talk, we show children how to answer to questions, we build children’s talking up to the highest level they can talk. In a nursery, key workers put a group of children with a similar interest in a communication activity. Key workers support children by carrying out role play. This can be a communication role play on London zoo. They can talk about animals and have an acting show to perform in front of the group. To support children we encourage children to talk, we provide as many activities we can. When key workers play with a group of children they talk more to children and ask as many questions they can. Reference 5 From my other finding while working in nurseries in my area’s I also found that there are so many communication activities, which are: Saying out alphabets and numbers out loud Talking times during circle Reading books out loud Socialising and talking while playing Question times When putting all the above together, encouragement is the best way to improve children’s communication learning. References: Reference 1: http://www.childrenscentres.org.uk/ps_step_by_step_observations.asp (I used the link to give me an understanding and wrote it into my own words. Reference 2: I used the hand book pages 91 – about how parents are happy the way children are observed. Reference 3: I used page 93 94 in the hand book to give me an understanding then wrote into my own words. I used the meanings. Reference 4: http://extension.missouri.edu/p/GH6123 I used this and wrote it into my own words and used mostly my own words based on the question. Reference 5 – working for nurseries Reference 6 http://www.homelearningcollege.com/HLC/media/PDF/SampleMaterial/ChildCare/Diploma-In-Early-Learning-And-Childcare-Sample.pdf I used this link to give myself an understanding procedure

Its Time to Unionize Student Workers :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

It's Time to Unionize Student Workers If you belong to a labor union, study unions for a living, or are broadly supportive of the role unions play in making capitalist societies fairer, more democratic places to live, you quickly learn the limits of contemporary liberalism's commitment to progressive causes. Individual rights, equality, a voice in the decisions that shape one's life, are all championed for every imaginable identity group, but stop at the factory gates, and the office doors. People like me, who support the right of groups of workers to act collectively to remedy some of the injustices in the workplace, are therefore used to the outlaw status of labor unions, and their mysterious disappearance from the list of progressive causes supported by students and liberal institutions like colleges and universities. Still, even I was shocked by the mean-spiritedness, insensitivity, and plain stupidity displayed by the university newspaper editorial on student-worker organizing, and many of the students interviewed on the subject. Imagine if a protest against a racial or homophobic slur was described as "amusing" and protesters were invited to "collectively suck my dick." Much of the objection to this organizing drive appears to come from the belief that students are just playing at work, that they don't really need the money, that, ultimately, being a student is incompatible with being a worker. There is an interesting parallel with the argument, still around, though it was more popular a century ago, that we don't need to pay women as much as men because men are the primary breadwinners, and women just use what they earn as "pin money," a little extra for recreation and entertainment, not necessary to live on. This was ludicrous then, and it is equally ludicrous for State students today. One of my advisees was unable to register for a workable course schedule next semester because she is working three jobs. She is working three jobs because she can't stay at State without the money, and because all the State jobs pay around the minimum wage, so you have to work many more hours to earn enough to live on. A casual glance at the financial aid figures m akes it clear that students work here because they need to, not just to make a little extra. Higher wages would mean fewer hours worked, more time to study, and better retention rates. By the way, by the university newspaper editorial suggested that the top level of wages paid to students is so generous that students can earn close to as much as their parents if they work long hours. It's Time to Unionize Student Workers :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays It's Time to Unionize Student Workers If you belong to a labor union, study unions for a living, or are broadly supportive of the role unions play in making capitalist societies fairer, more democratic places to live, you quickly learn the limits of contemporary liberalism's commitment to progressive causes. Individual rights, equality, a voice in the decisions that shape one's life, are all championed for every imaginable identity group, but stop at the factory gates, and the office doors. People like me, who support the right of groups of workers to act collectively to remedy some of the injustices in the workplace, are therefore used to the outlaw status of labor unions, and their mysterious disappearance from the list of progressive causes supported by students and liberal institutions like colleges and universities. Still, even I was shocked by the mean-spiritedness, insensitivity, and plain stupidity displayed by the university newspaper editorial on student-worker organizing, and many of the students interviewed on the subject. Imagine if a protest against a racial or homophobic slur was described as "amusing" and protesters were invited to "collectively suck my dick." Much of the objection to this organizing drive appears to come from the belief that students are just playing at work, that they don't really need the money, that, ultimately, being a student is incompatible with being a worker. There is an interesting parallel with the argument, still around, though it was more popular a century ago, that we don't need to pay women as much as men because men are the primary breadwinners, and women just use what they earn as "pin money," a little extra for recreation and entertainment, not necessary to live on. This was ludicrous then, and it is equally ludicrous for State students today. One of my advisees was unable to register for a workable course schedule next semester because she is working three jobs. She is working three jobs because she can't stay at State without the money, and because all the State jobs pay around the minimum wage, so you have to work many more hours to earn enough to live on. A casual glance at the financial aid figures m akes it clear that students work here because they need to, not just to make a little extra. Higher wages would mean fewer hours worked, more time to study, and better retention rates. By the way, by the university newspaper editorial suggested that the top level of wages paid to students is so generous that students can earn close to as much as their parents if they work long hours.